Comparison of Organizational Behavior between Prosecution and Police

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Korea is a country with clear ideological distinctions. Many problems result in ideological problems. When distinguishing between conservatives and progressives, progress is not synonymous with reform, but with the word left. Therefore, the issue of areas of police and prosecution rights related to the right to investigate is also likely to be misunderstood as ideological division.

 

1) Until now, the police authority has been a sub-area of the prosecution authority 2) The police authority is more friendly to practical field work than the prosecution authority 3) The police authority is sensitive to reform feedback demands and the prosecution authority adheres to conventional and traditional behavior.

 

However, the characteristics of the two organizations should be examined from a different perspective.

 

The prosecution is an inner circle organization. The cohesiveness inside the organization is strong and the bonding strength with other organizations or the private sector is weak. The vertical hierarchy is strong. The reason seems to have originated from the principle of uniformity of prosecutors and the tradition of elite bureaucrats that originated from the Japanese colonial period. In the Anglo-American legal community, the legal community is free-marketed, and in the continental legal community, the legal community is an elite bureaucratic class. Korea's legal culture, influenced by German law(or Japanese law), is introverted and hierarchical. Members of an inner circle organization are prone to maintaining upper-level oriented thinking. It is also expressed as a career-oriented because there is no horizontal space-time to dissipate the energy of the members.

 

The police are an outgoing organization. Since the inside of the organization is diverse and has many direct contacts with citizens, the internal cohesiveness is weak and the bonding power with the private sector is strong. Sometimes this serves as an automatic device that controls police power. Compared to the absurdity of the prosecution, the absurdity of the police is easily revealed and criticized. In addition, the police are constantly required to reform to cope with the changing outside world. This is why the police cannot become a political force no matter how large the organization becomes.

 

Unexpectedly, the current government seems to be attempting to internalize intelligence and police. The president's intentions are unknown, but the flow is so. Both the prosecution and the police must be organized outwardly to become a future-oriented organization. If you think that the prosecution is conservative politicized and the police are progressive politicized according to the behavioral nature of the organization, you have a wrong perspective that is wrong. This is because both organizations must exist for citizens (people).

 

 

 

내성조직 외향조직 / 검찰과 경찰

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한국은 이념적 구별이 선명한 국가다. 많은 문제가 이념적 문제로 귀결된다. 보수와 진보를 구별할 때 진보를 개혁과 동의어로 사용하지 않고 좌파라는 단어로 사용한다. 때문에 수사권과 관련된 경찰권과 검찰권의 영역문제도 이념적 분란으로 오해받기 쉽다.

 

1) 지금까지 경찰권이 검찰권의 하위 영역이었다는 점 2) 경찰권은 검찰권보다 실무적인 현장업무와 친근한 점 3) 경찰권은 개혁적인 피드백 요구에 민감하고 검찰권은 관습적이고 전통적인 행태를 고수하는 점 등은 두 조직의 성격을 구별하는데 있어서 이념적인 선입견을 개입하게 만든다.

 

그러나 다른 관점으로 두 조직의 성격을 살펴봐야 한다.

 

검찰은 내성조직(inner circle organization)이다. 조직 내부의 응집력이 강하고 타 조직이나 민간과의 결합력이 약하다. 수직적인 계층제 성격이 강하다. 이유는 검사동일체의 원칙과 일제 강점기부터 비롯된 엘리트 관료조직의 전통에서 비롯된 것으로 보인다. 영미법계는 법조계가 자유시장화 되어 있는데, 대륙법계는 법조계가 엘리트 관료계층화 되어 있다. 독일법의 영향을 받은 일본을 통해 들어 온 한국의 법조계 문화는 내성적이고 계층제적 성격이 강하다. 내성조직의 구성원들은 상층부 지향적인 사고를 유지하기 쉽다. 출세 지향적 이라고도 표현하는데, 이유는 구성원들의 에너지가 발산될 수평적 시공간이 없기 때문이다.

 

경찰은 외향조직(outgoing organization)이다. 조직 내부는 다양하게 분화 되어 있고, 시민과의 직접적인 접촉이 많은 현장업무 기관이기 때문에 내부 응집력이 약하고 민간과의 결합력이 강하다. 때로는 이러한 점이 경찰권을 통제하는 자동장치로 작용하기도 한다. 검찰의 부조리에 비해서 경찰의 부조리는 쉽게 드러나고 비판받기 쉽다. 또 경찰은 변화하는 외부세계에 대응하기 위해서 끊임없는 개혁요구를 받는다. 경찰은 조직이 아무리 거대해져도 정치세력화 할 수 없는 이유가 이 때문이다.

 

뜻밖에 현 정부에 들어와서 정보기관과 경찰을 내성조직화 할려는 시도가 있는 것 같다. 대통령의 의중은 알 수 없지만 드러나는 흐름은 그렇다. 검찰도 경찰도 미래지향적인 조직이 되기 위해서는 외향조직화 되어야 한다. 조직의 행태적 성격에 맞추어 검찰은 보수정치화 하고 경찰은 진보정치화 한다고 생각하면 잘못된 관점을 가지고 있는 것이다. 두 조직은 모두 국민을 위해서 존재해야 하기 때문이다.  

Intelligence and political judgment

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By the time Korea's Kim Young-sam administration was established, there was an article in the weekly magazine about the appointment of high-ranking officials from the then South Korean intelligence agency, the Ministry of National Security. Lee Min-seop, former chief of planning and coordination at Samsung Group, was appointed to the chief of planning and coordination at the Ministry of National Security. The president then appointed Cho Man-hoo, a lawyer, as a special legal adviser. Lee Min-seop looks intelligent like a high school student who appeared in a scholarship quiz, and Cho Man-hoo is a self-taught late in passing the bar exam, but he looked generous.

Although I was young at the time, I was impressed by President Kim Young-sam's ability to arrange personnel, and I thought it was wise to appoint a private sector experienced person to the head of the planning and coordination office of an intelligence agency that needs flexible information management skills.

 

Meanwhile, Russia, which committed the mistake of invading Ukraine, purged a large number of intelligence officials. However, the nature of implementing strategic and policy aspects of intelligence activities is considered to be Putin's fault, given that the more a one-man power system is the leader's responsibility. This is because calculating the damages and benefits of war and political philosophical judgment are the domain of leaders. Rather, I feel sorry that Russia could have saved the lives of many Ukrainians and the lives of young Russian people if it did not "action" of war and strengthened "checks and hints" by strengthening preliminary actions. This is because preventing war and reducing damage is also a central task of information activities.

 

But on what grounds will the president or a politician in a rare position be convinced that an enemy attack is imminent? Information is constantly flowing in from various agents. The quality of such information depends, among other things, on the quality of the people who collect and analyze the information and submit it to the head of state or policymakers.

 

- omit -

 

Therefore, in a very realistic sense, the lives of each man, woman, and child on Earth depend on how well these intelligence organizations function.

 

- [ The Intelligence Warfare ] by william v Kenedy -   

정보기관과 정치적 판단

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한국의 김영삼 정부가 들어설 무렵, 주간잡지에 당시 한국의 정보기관인 국가안전기획부(안기부)의 고위간부 인사발령에 관한 기사가 났다. 안기부의 양대 고위간부인 기획조정실장에는 삼성그룹의 기획조정실장 이었던 이민섭씨를 발령하고 법률특별보좌관에는 변호사였던 조만후씨를 발령했는데, 이민섭씨는 장학퀴즈에 출연한 까까머리 고등학생처럼 총명해 보이고, 조만후씨는 독학으로 늦게 사법시험에 합격한 후덕해 보이는 인물로 기억된다.

 

당시에 내 나이가 많지 않음에도 김영삼 대통령의 인사배치능력이 인상 깊었는데, 유연한 정보관리능력이 필요한 정보기관의 기획조정실장에 민간부문의 경력자를 발령한 일은 현명했다는 생각이 들었다.

 

한 편 우크라이나를 침공한 실책을 범한 러시아에서는 정보기관원들을 대거 숙청하였다고 한다. 그러나 정보활동의 전략적이고 정책적인 부분을 이행하는 성질은 1인 집권체제의 국가일수록 지도자의 몫이라는 점에서 푸틴 대통령의 실책이라는 생각이 든다. 전쟁의 손익계산서와 정치철학적인 판단은 지도자의 영역이기 때문이다. 차라리 전쟁이라는 ‘행동’을 하지 않고, 예비행위의 강화로 ‘견제와 암시’를 강화 시켰다면 많은 우크라이나인들의 생명과 러시아 젊은이들의 생명을 구할 수 있었다는 안타까운 생각이 든다. 전쟁을 방지하여 피해를 줄이는 일이 정보활동의 중심과제이기도 하기 때문이다.

 

그러나 적의 공격이 눈앞에 다가왔다는 것을 대통령 또는 비숫한 입장에 놓인 정치가는 도대체 무엇을 근거로 확신하게 될까? 정보는 여러 가지 첩보원으로부터 끊임없이 흘러들어온다. 그러한 정보의 질은 무엇보다도 그 정보들을 수집하고 분석하여 국가 원수 또는 정책결정자에게 제출하는 사람들의 질에 따라 좌우된다.

 

- 중략 -

 

따라서 극히 현실적인 의미에서 지구상의 남자, 여자, 아이들 한 사람 한 사람의 생명은 이러한 첩보조직이 얼마나 잘 기능하느냐에 달려 있다.

 

- [ The Intelligence Warfare ] by william v Kenedy -   

The root of the new Cold War / The danger of conservatism

In Japan, former Prime Minister Tanaka is said to be being re-examined. He is a politician who continued to study with an elementary school education and led Japan's heyday as a behind-the-scenes power in Japanese politics. As Tanaka is a self-made person, he innovatively handled political affairs and treated talented people innovatively. Former Prime Minister Tanaka treated people equally without vertical prejudice. As a result, there were many people who followed, and Japan reached its peak in line with the atmosphere.

 

Prime Minister Abe, who later came from the elite, did not understand the fundamental problems of the Japanese economy. As he was from the elite, he did not understand the substructure of the economy, which is the site of production and consumption, and only understood the superstructure such as the monetary economy. So he implemented Abenomics and started a trade war with South Korea, deeply and long-term incapacitating the Japanese economy. Some argue that Japan's aging is the cause, but since the elite conservative government was born with the support of the elderly, it should be seen as a mutual trapping relationship. In Korea, when a conservative government is born, it also shows similar tendencies. That is why conservatives must follow the path of progressives to properly pioneer the future of the country.

 

Conservatism also started at the root of the New Cold War, which started the war between Russia and Ukraine. As much as they insist on attacking the Nazis as an ideological tool to encourage war in Russia, they still cannot shake off the ghosts of history more than 70 years ago. President Putin's view of the world seemed to be very conservative. I think it is a side effect of age, health, and long-term rule. The conflict with Ukraine, which has been deepened by a provocative war, will not be resolved even after many years have passed, so it has entered a path of long-term consumption of national power that cannot benefit at all like the long-divided Korean Peninsula.

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Chinese President Xi Jinping had to walk the path of reformists such as Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping rather than Mao Zedong. The dual and opposing nature of politics and economy, in which the economy is reformed and the politics is conservative, was not realistically accepted. This is because politics and economy are in an organic relationship with each other.

 

Gone are the days when conservatives were treated with ideological tendencies that were opposed to liberals. Compensation creates problems. And conservatism doesn't even solve the problems that exist. Reform is the nature of history to be maintained.

신냉전의 근원 / 보수화의 위험

일본에서는 다나까 전총리가 재조명 되고 있다고 한다. 초등학교 학력으로 계속 공부하며 일본 정치의 막후 실력자로서 일본의 전성기를 이끌었던 정치가다. 다나까는 본인이 자수성가한 인물인 만큼 혁신적으로 정무를 처리했고, 혁신적으로 인재를 대했다. 다나까 전 총리는 수직적인 편견이 없이 인물을 평등하게 대우했다. 그러다보니 따르는 사람들이 많았고, 일본은 그 분위기에 맞춰 최고의 전성기를 맞이했다.

 

훗날 엘리트 출신인 아베총리는 일본경제의 근본문제를 이해하지 못했다. 엘리트 출신답게 생산과 소비의 현장인 경제의 하부구조를 이해하지 못하고 화폐경제와 같은 상부구조만 이해함으로써 아베노믹스나 한국과의 무역전쟁같은 실정만 거듭하면서 일본 경제를 깊이 그리고 장기간 무력화 시켰다. 혹자는 일본의 노령화에 원인을 두기도 하지만 엘리트 보수정부는 노인들의 지지를 받아 탄생하기 때문에 상호 포획관계에 있다고 보아야 한다. 한국도 보수정부가 탄생하면 비숫한 성향을 보이기도 한다. 그래서 보수도 진보 같아야 국가의 미래를 제대로 개척할 수 있다.

 

러시아와 우크라이나 전쟁의 발단이 된 신냉전의 근원 역시 보수화가 발단이 되었다. 러시아에서 전쟁을 독려하기 위한 이념적 도구로서 나치에 대한 공격을 주장하는 만큼 70년도 더 지난 역사의 망령들을 아직도 떨쳐버리지 못한다. 세계를 이해하는 푸틴대통령의 관점도 매우 보수적인 것 같았다. 나이나 건강, 장기집권의 부작용으로 생각한다. 자극적인 전쟁으로 깊어진 우크라이나와의 갈등은 많은 세월이 지나도 해소되지 않을 것이기 때문에 오랫동안 분단된 한반도처럼 전혀 이익을 볼 수 없는 장기적인 국력소모의 길로 들어선 것이다.

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중국의 시진핑 주석은 마오쩌뚱보다 저우언라이나 덩샤오핑같은 개혁주의자들의 길을 걸어야 했다. 경제는 개혁적이고 정치는 보수화되는 정치와 경제의 이중적이고 상반된 성질은 현실적으로 받아들여지지 않았다. 정치와 경제는 상호 유기적인 관계에 있기 때문이다.

 

보수가 진보와 대립되는 이념성향으로 대접받는 시대는 지났다. 보수는 문제를 만들고, 있는 문제를 치유하지도 못한다. 개혁은 역사가 유지되는 본성이기 때문이다. 

From an isolated state to a central state / Russia

The situation in which North Korea, whose geographical location is isolated, was forced to isolate its relational position by locking up its doors with ideology in order to keep the country alive, is fully understandable if you think deeper. Korea was able to grow properly on the periphery of Northeast Asia by choosing the capitalist ideology that values economic exchange and actively communicating with the outside world through the sea

 

Finally, because information flows locally more easily than over greater distances, an industrial center generates what we would now call technical spillovers.

 

-  [Geography and Trade] by Paul Krugman -

 

Russia must have been very disappointed after Ukraine, which was annexed during the former Soviet era, was separated. Ukraine is rich in resources and agricultural products, as well as being geographically located in the center rather than Russia. Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union were gradually moving toward the economic center of Western Europe, economically, culturally, and even ideologically. That is why Russia had no choice but to try to resolve the inconvenience of isolation by forcibly claiming to be the leader of the eastern camp, even using the structure of the Cold War.

 

Russia would have expected North Korea and South Korea to interact and make East Asia a more active space for economic exchange. This is because Russia is likely to become more centralized along with the development of Siberia.

 

The unfortunate thing about Russia's invasion of Ukraine is that Russia did not try a more pragmatic policy, but tried a war like a habit. Pragmatism is different from opportunism, which Putin seems to dislike, more like pacifism. President Putin will not be the only responsibility for Russia's invasion of Ukraine. This is because President Putin could have been captured by the stubborn prejudice of the Russian people that Ukraine is part of Russia.

 

Russia should try to end the war and establish itself as a central country from an isolated state. The national ideology should be changed to have a more conciliatory attitude economically and diplomatically. In addition, North Korea is traditionally hostile to South Korea's conservative government, but if South Korea's conservative government shows a more practical attitude(Pragmatism ) toward North Korea, it is better to respond to it. It was also a point of great expectation for the young leader President Kim Jong-un. It is better to accept practical exchanges such as humanitarian support for COVID-19.