Extreme ideology and existential political economy.

https://hyeong-chun.blogspot.com/search?q=%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%99

https://hyeong-chun.blogspot.com/search?q=the+middle+east

As the Korean economy stabilizes and thrives, the shadow of the "far right" or "far left" is disappearing, but the Middle East is not. Not long ago in Iran, hard-line conservative religious leader Raishi was elected president. Without oil, politics and the economy in the Middle East would have inherently unstable conditions. Middle Eastern politics seems to constantly want a leader with extreme integration because of the poor natural environment of desert areas.

 

French author and philosopher Jean Paul Sartre (1905 – 1980) says there is no predetermined universal way of life.

 

I have felt this while driving buses in various neighborhood areas for a long time, saying that the more developed communities, the more reasonable complaints occur, but complaints are affected by the health, age, and standard of living of complaints in areas where they are not developed. However, even unreasonable complaints in underdeveloped areas have some basis (sometimes more intense) and can easily be reflected in bus transport policies. In other words, there is a phenomenon in which provocative and unreasonable complaints are first reflected in transportation policy, which is the same as Grassham's law.

 

The reason why politics in countries with harsh conditions are not stable is because of constant stimulating feedback. If politics and the economy are unstable, demagogues get votes. The demagogue leaps to 90 per cent on the basis of 10 per cent. It is to induce the public to be stimulated in the face of a difficult environment. Religion is often used as a good tool to stimulate the public.

 

Come to think of it, Korea's political world, which is becoming moderate and stable as the ideological paradigm turns into an economic paradigm, seems to be a case of rare success in East Asia, which has similar conditions to the Middle East.

 

It is necessary to refer to Professor Paul Krugman's comments when it comes to economic issues.

 

Confounding the skeptics, capitalism did survive; but although today’s free-market enthusiasts may find this proposition hard to accept, that survival was basically on the terms Keynes suggested. World War 2 provided the jump start Keynes had been urging for years; but what restored faith in free markets was not just the recovery from the Depression but the assurance that microeconomic intervention-cutting interest rates or increasing budget deficits to fight recessions-could keep a free-market economy more or less stable at more or less full employment. In effect, capitalism and its economics made a deal with the public; it will be okay to have free markets from now on. because we know enough to prevent any more Great Depressions.

 

- [THE RETURN OF DEPRESSION ECONOMICS] BY PAUL KRUGMAN -  

극한 이념과 실존적 정치경제

https://hyeong-chun.blogspot.com/search?q=%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%99

https://hyeong-chun.blogspot.com/search?q=the+middle+east

한국 경제가 안정되고 번영하면서 ‘극우’나 ‘극좌’의 그림자가 사라지고 있지만 중동은 그렇지 않다. 얼마 전 이란에서는 강경 보수파 종교 지도자인 라이시가 대통령으로 당선 되었다. 석유가 없다면 중동의 정치와 경제는 태생적으로 불안정한 조건을 가지고 있을 것이다. 사막 지역의 척박한 자연환경으로 통합되기 어려운 중동정치는 끊임없이 극도의 통합력을 가진 지도자를 원하는 것 같다.

 

프랑스의 작가이자 철학자인 사르트르(Jean Paul Sartre 1905 – 1980)는 미리 정해진 보편적인 삶의 방식은 없다고 말한다.

 

오랫동안 여러 근린 지역에서 버스 운전을 하면서 느낀 것인데, 발달한 지역사회일수록 합리적인 민원이 발생하지만 그렇지 못한 지역에서는 민원인의 건강이나 나이, 생활수준 등에 의해 민원이 영향을 받는다는 것이다. 하지만 발달하지 못한 지역의 비합리적 민원조차도 어느 정도 근거가 있기 때문에(때로는 더욱 강렬하다) 버스교통정책에 쉽게 반영될 수 있다. 말하자면 자극적이고 비합리적인 민원이 교통정책에 우선 반영되는 그래샴의 법칙(악화는 양화를 구축한다)이 달성되는 것이다.

 

척박한 조건을 가진 국가의 정치가 안정되지 못하는 이유는 끊임없이 자극적인 피드백이 이루어지기 때문이다. 정치와 경제가 불안하면 선동정치가가 표를 얻는다. 선동정치가는 10퍼센트의 근거를 가지고 90퍼센트의 현상으로 비약시킨다. 어려운 환경에 직면한 대중이 자극을 받도록 유도하는 것이다. 종교는 대중을 자극하는 좋은 도구로서 이용되는 경우가 생긴다.

 

생각해보면 이념적인 패러다임이 경제적인 패러다임으로 변하면서 온건해지고 안정되어가는 한국의 정치세계는 중동지역과 조건이 유사한 동아시아에서 보기 힘들게 성공한 경우인 것 같다.

 

경제에 대해서 이념문제와 엮자면 폴 크루그먼 교수의 언급을 참조할 필요가 있다.

 

회의론자들의 예상을 뒤업고 자본주의는 살아남았다. 하지만 이 생존은 기본적으로 케인즈가 제안한 조건들에 기초한 것이었다(오늘 날 자유시장 광신자들은 이 점을 인정하기 힘들지도 모른다). 제2차 세계대전은 케인즈가 수년 간 역설해 온 ‘재시동’의 동력을 제공했다. 그러나 자유시장에 대한 신뢰 회복은 대공황극복을 통해서 이루어진 것이 아니라 경기후퇴를 막기 위한 이자율 인하 또는 재정적자폭 확대와 같은 거시경제적 개입이 자유시장경제의 안정성을 어느 정도 유지하고 완전고용도 일정 부분 담보할 수 있다는 확신 때문이었다. 자본주의와 이를 믿는 경제학자들은 ‘우리는 두 번 다시 대공황이 없도록 방지할 방법을 충분히 알게 되었기 때문에 앞으로 자유시장은 아무런 문제도 없을 것이다’와 같은 논리로 대중과 일종의 거래를 성사시킨 셈이다.

 

- [THE RETURN OF DEPRESSION ECONOMICS] BY PAUL KRUGMAN -  

The origin of Chinese nationalism

It is not to say that there is a problem with friendly relations between China and DPRK(North Korea). The Chinese government once mentioned the "differences" of external forces as it improved relations with North Korea. It is right that the relationship between China and North Korea is strong. And what is pure is right.

 

China is talking about socialist alliances, but China is a country where nationalism encompasses socialism. Since my parents lived in North Korea and North Korea was one with South Korea until 74 years ago, it is right to have an independent personality away from foreign interference. And it needs to be rebuilt. However, anyone would expect that China's nationalism would not be very harmonious with China's relations with North Korea.

 

There was a time when there was no reason to talk about Chinese nationalism. The era of Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai was "everyone" predicting the possibility of China becoming a world country. However, in this fundamental world of national thought, "everyone" acknowledges that there is a strong movement to return to the past.

 

Modern Western ideas are ideas that emerged after the Renaissance that reformed the gloomy religious standard of the Middle Ages. The same is true of communist ideas that China has yet to abandon. The Christian idea of the West was a globalist idea that believed in monotheism. And humanistic ideas, scientific ideas and liberal ideas that arose from the reform of Christian thought were bound to be at least more open and liberal than Christian ideas of the time.

https://hyeong-chun.blogspot.com/search?q=%EB%AA%A8%ED%83%9D%EB%8F%99

https://hyeong-chun.blogspot.com/search?q=Mao+Zedong

Although mentioned several times, Mao committed the fallacy of returning to feudalism despite his success in the communist revolution. It has been mentioned several times that Mao Zedong had a problem with his classical reading habits. Modern Chinese leaders should not follow Mao's ideas without criticism. The ideas contained in the classics Mao Zedong read a lot are those created during China's chaotic times. There is no idea of globalism in it, and there is no idea of equality. There is always a king and there is a power struggle between the state and the state.

 

In the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period, many countries accepted various "Hundred Schools of Thought" as national ideologies for survival. Some countries accepted Confucius' and Mencius' ideas of stability and welfare, while others claimed passive survival with small and small nations and enemies, and others called Chin, who unified the Spring and Autumn Warring States era by claiming wealth. Mao Zedong's role as a medium for accepting the governance technology of the "Chin" country contained in classics containing such ideas into modern Chinese ideas is thought to have been great.

 

In fact, most countries insist on rich countries (rich countries and strong armies), but behind them are bound by the idea of globalism and human co-prosperity. Of course China seems to be trying to do otherwise or not.

  

중국 민족주의의 원류

중국과 북한과의 우호관계에 대해서 문제가 있다고 말 할 수 있는 것은 아니다. 중국정부가 북한과의 관계를 개선하면서 외부세력의 ‘이간질’을 언급한 적이 있다. 중국과 북한의 관계는 돈독한 것이 옳다. 그리고 순수한 것이 옳다.

 

중국은 사회주의 동맹을 이야기 하고 있지만 중국은 민족주의가 사회주의를 포괄하고 있는 국가다. 내 부모가 살았고, 74 년 전에 한국과 한 몸이던 북한은 외세의 간섭을 벗어나 자주적인 성격을 갖는 것이 옳다. 그리고 재건되어야 한다. 그러나 중국의 민족주의가 중국과 북한과의 관계에는 그다지 조화롭지 않을 것이라는 사실은 누구나 예상하고 있을 것이다.

 

중국의 민족주의에 대해서 말 할 이유가 없던 때가 있었다. 등소평과 주은래의 시대는 중국이 세계국가로서 발돋움 할 가능성을 ‘누구나’ 예측하고 있었다. 그러나 지금의 국가사상의 세계에서는 과거로 회귀 하고자 하는 움직임이 강한 것도 ‘누구나’ 인정하고 있다.

 

현대적 서구사상들은 르네상스 이후에 중세의 암울한 종교본위의 세계를 개혁하고 나온 사상들이다. 중국이 아직 버리지 못하는 공산주의 사상도 마찬가지다. 서양의 크리스트교 사상은 유일신을 믿는 세계주의 사상이었고, 크리스트교 사상을 개혁하고 발생한 인본주의 사상이나 과학주의 사상, 자유주의 사상등은 적어도 당시의 크리스트교 사상보다 더 개방적이고 자유주의적이어야 한다는 구속을 받고 있었다.

 

https://hyeong-chun.blogspot.com/search?q=%EB%AA%A8%ED%83%9D%EB%8F%99

https://hyeong-chun.blogspot.com/search?q=Mao+Zedong

여러 번 언급했지만 마오쩌둥(모택동)은 공산혁명에 성공을 하고도 봉건사상으로 회귀하는 오류를 범했다. 마오쩌둥의 고전적인 독서습관에 문제가 있었다는 사실은 여러 번 언급했다. 현대의 중국 지도자들이 마오쩌둥의 사상을 비판 없이 답습해서는 안 될 일이다. 마오쩌둥이 많이 읽은 고전들 속에 담겨 있는 사상들은 중국의 혼란스러운 시기에 만들어진 사상들이다. 그 속에는 세계주의 사상이 없고, 평등사상도 없다. 그곳에는 항상 왕이 존재하고 국가와 국가의 세력 다툼이 존재한다.

 

춘추전국시대에 많은 나라들은 생존을 위해서 여러 가지 지혜로운 사상(제자백가)들을 국가 이념으로 받아들였다. 그 중에 안정과 복지를 주장하는 공자와 맹자의 사상(유가)을 받아들인 국가도 있었고, 작은 나라와 적은 국민으로 소극적인 생존을 주장(도가)한 국가도 있었고, 부국강병을 주장(법가)해서 춘추전국시대를 통일한 ‘진’이라는 국가도 있었다. 이런 사상이 담겨 있는 고전들 속에서 ‘진’나라의 통치기술을 현대의 중국사상으로 수용하는 매개체로서 마오쩌둥의 역할은 컸던 것으로 생각된다.

 

사실 대부분의 국가들이 부국강병(풍요로운 나라와 강한 군대)을 주장하고 있지만 그 이면에는 세계주의와 인류공영이라는 사상의 구속을 받고 있다. 물론 중국은 그렇지 않던가 그렇지 않기 위해서 노력하는 것 같다. 

Inner circle and external conflicts / Heisenberg

"I love peace very much, but I can't stand the idea of invading Earth from Andromeda." - I have a very geographically extended sense of inner circle.

 

My father, who was in the trucking business before the 1970s, transported the movie dealers to the countryside of Korea, where there were no movie theaters, and received transportation costs. Movie dealers used to set up large tents at night and screen noir films featuring monster movies or Macau or Hong Kong as backgrounds, which were welcomed as a precious moment for rural people to access outside culture in the days when there was no TV. However, young people who imagined trucks carrying movie dealers as outside aggression gathered to throw stones and resist. My father, who was active between the two Koreas and went bankrupt while doing pollack trade in Manchuria, laughed a lot while recalling the incident.

 

The military coup in Myanmar is said to have played a major role in the long-established inner circle of soldiers. They are said to have formed a different world by strengthening the internal exchanges of military groups rather than external exchanges. China's nationalism, which has become a problem these days, should also be seen as a much more internalized consciousness than I thought of being wary of Andromeda's invasion.

 

In Korea, the inner circle consciousness of prosecutors and religions has been a major problem, and inner circle consciousness hinders social development as a non-modern way of thinking. Inner circle is likely to define an externality that inevitably conflicts with the interests of the group. Therefore, it should be considered inevitable to cause conflict with the outside world.

 

The first military coup, led by South Korean Major General Park Chung-hee, had a justification for reforming the external society and actually demonstrated some ability in economic development. Therefore, the evaluation of the coup is still divided between good and bad. However, Major General Chun Doo-hwan's second military coup is considered an unjustifiable and despicable incident led by an inner circle called "Hanahoe."

 

The following is a remark made by Max Plank in a conversation between Werner Karl Heisenberg (1901–1976), a German scientist who established the basis of quantum mechanics, and Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858–1947), who criticized Hitler's oppression of Jews.

 

I have repeatedly explained that they are Germans and that most of them, like all other Germans, were people who sacrificed their lives for Germany in the last war, but I did not seek any understanding from Hitler. To put it a little bit worse, it would be an accurate expression that there was no language of conversation with such a human being to understand each other. It seemed to me that he was now clearly cut off from contact with the outside world and felt that it was all cumbersome and annoying when someone said anything.

 

I don't know the original, but it was published 40 years ago under the title "Part and All" in Korean. I read it when I was in the third grade of high school when I was in a hurry to study, and it seemed to have helped me a lot to have a holistic view. We live in an era of advanced transportation and communication, and some countries have a fairly strong inner circle consciousness while sending spacecraft to Mars. What I'm saying now is a funny story, but it's time for everyone to unite in preparation for Andromeda's invasion. I'm always worried that my vision is getting narrower while saying this.