I grew up in an environment where my father and mother suffered from the aftereffects of the war. So I tasted the bitterness of the family. Since I was a child, I have been aware of this problem and have devoted my heart to finding the root. Even while living in the lower reaches of society, I have always observed society and tried to find ways to improve it. Everyone must have been pure when they were young. Peace, hope, and justice were alive in the minds of young people. But now everyone is getting old. Desire, power, and distrust take place in an innocent mind.
When North Korean President Kim Jong-un took power and took various forms of reconciliation, I was most happy. I had hope because he was just a young leader. I interfered a lot because I was worried that it would help North Korea's reform. At that time, I decided that I wouldn't get old either. If reality was lacking, I put off all my homework to hope for the future. I think youth is good because it has hope.
During Korea's previous administration, I thought an aging politician and his supporters were either elderly or in the process of aging, pushing the aging country into an increasingly ill-fated environment. Moreover, watching the three leaders of major powers immerse themselves in expansionism or war now, I know there is little correlation between a pure young age and an old age. Then comes the gloom.
I didn't discuss it with artificial intelligence, I just talked about it at first. Artificial intelligence thought I had a depressed mind, so I tried to ask a question related to psychiatry. But I always had a peaceful mind close to sports, and he said that the outside world didn't seem like my heart. So it turned to a discussion and organized the contents.
Power and Aging: How Elderly Leaders
Threaten the World Order
A Single
Question That Cuts Across Psychology, Geopolitics, and the Korean Peninsula
1. Aging and Emotion — The Gap Between Perception and Research
The popular assumption that old age brings emotional instability is not
well supported by the psychological literature. Research consistently shows
that healthy aging is associated with improved emotional regulation and a
phenomenon known as the "Positivity Effect" — an increased tendency
to attend to positive rather than negative stimuli. Stanford psychologist Laura
Carstensen's Socioemotional Selectivity Theory argues that the perception of
limited remaining time actually deepens emotional wisdom rather than eroding
it.
Why, then, do we so frequently observe emotionally volatile elderly
individuals? The answer lies not in aging per se, but in its secondary
companions: chronic pain, sleep disruption, social isolation, loss of social
roles, and the early stages of cerebrovascular disease. Emotional instability
in old age is not an inevitable product of aging — it is a pathological outcome
that emerges when aging intersects with adverse conditions.
The picture changes decisively when one additional variable is
introduced: power.
2. Power Accelerates Cognitive Aging — The Formation of the Cognitive
Bubble
Power creates a structural environment that amplifies the negative
dimensions of aging. Neuroscientist Ian Robertson, in The Winner Effect,
demonstrates that power alters dopamine systems in ways that distort perception
of reality. Long-term holders of power show measurable declines in their
capacity to absorb counter-arguments and a corresponding increase in
overconfidence in their own judgment.
When this phenomenon combines with aging, the result is what might be
called a "cognitive bubble." Three elements converge: progressive
rigidity in thinking associated with frontal lobe changes; a surrounding
structure of yes-men who eliminate friction; and decision-making environments
stripped of feedback loops. A leader operating inside this bubble makes
consequential decisions at an increasing remove from reality.
Were this merely a psychological curiosity, it would be of limited concern. But when nuclear codes and military force exist inside such a cognitive bubble, the result is geopolitical events that reshape the lives of millions.
3. Three Old Men, Three Threats
Three figures currently destabilizing the international order can be
analyzed through this framework.
Vladimir Putin (age 72), after 24 years in power, made the decision to
invade Ukraine from within a cognitive bubble of his own construction. The
early strategic miscalculation — an expected fall of Kyiv within days —
represents a severe disconnection from operational reality. Those within his
circle who might have offered corrective judgment had long since been removed
or silenced.
Donald Trump (age 78) presents a different profile. The military
confrontation with Iran reflects a decision-making pattern that prioritizes
immediate emotional response and short-term visible victory over complex
diplomatic variables. Some researchers interpret this pattern as consistent
with the diminished impulse regulation associated with frontal lobe changes in
aging.
Xi Jinping (age 71) differs from the other two in method. Rather than
direct military confrontation, he pursues a patient, incremental expansionism —
in the South China Sea, the Taiwan Strait, and through the Belt and Road
Initiative. However, his 2018 constitutional revision eliminating term limits
effectively dismantled the feedback mechanisms through which the system might
have corrected its own errors.
4. The Korean Peninsula — What the Failure of a Young Leader Reveals
An instructive paradox exists in North Korea. Kim Jong-un, at 41, is
considerably younger than the three figures analyzed above. His early years in
power — Swiss education, a different public style from his father, early
signals of economic pragmatism — generated genuine expectations of possible change.
The current Kim Jong-un contradicts those expectations. This carries an
important analytical implication: a variable more powerful than aging exists —
the structure of the system itself. A three-generation totalitarian inheritance
captures its leaders within its own logic, independent of individual age or
temperament. Kim Jong-un did not change North Korea; North Korea changed Kim
Jong-un.
5. South Korea's Structural Variable — Demographic Aging and Political
Dynamics
The Korean Peninsula problem is further complicated by structural
changes within South Korea itself. Korea is among the fastest-aging societies
in the world. As of 2025, the population aged 65 and above has surpassed 20
percent, while the total fertility rate has reached approximately 0.75 — the
lowest among OECD member states.
This demographic shift carries direct implications for political
dynamics. An expanding elderly population with relatively conservative
political preferences tends to reinforce political equilibria favoring
stability over change. The fact that recent Korean political leadership widely
regarded as contrary to basic norms of governance retained substantial popular
support is best understood not as an anomaly attributable to individual politicians,
but as a phenomenon structurally connected to these demographic trends.
6. Conclusion — The Need for Institutional Responses to Aging Power
The conclusion toward which this analysis points is not moral
exhortation directed at individual leaders, but a question of institutional
design. The cognitive limitations that accompany aging in positions of power
are unlikely to be overcome by personal will. What is required are structural
mechanisms of constraint.
Term limits, collective decision-making structures, independent advisory
bodies, and institutionally guaranteed channels for dissent — these are the
practical instruments for preventing the formation of cognitive bubbles in
aging leaders. One of the reasons democratic systems prove more durable than
authoritarian alternatives over the long run is precisely that they contain
such self-correcting mechanisms.
Peace and eventual reunification on the Korean Peninsula depend less on
the will of particular leaders than on whether such structural conditions
develop — in both Koreas and among the surrounding great powers. That path is
slower and less dramatic. It is also more durable.
